EN-GJS-600-3 is a high-strength ductile cast iron grade defined by European Standard EN 1563. The designation “EN-GJS” represents European Norm – Graphite Spheroidal cast iron, while “600-3” indicates the minimum tensile strength of 600 MPa with 3% elongation. This EN-GJS-600-3 material delivers exceptional strength through optimized pearlitic matrix microstructure, making it ideal for high-load applications requiring steel-like performance.
Key Performance Advantages
- Minimum tensile strength 600 MPa for high-stress load-bearing components
- Elongation ≥3% providing adequate toughness for dynamic loading
- High wear resistance superior to lower-grade ductile irons
- Excellent machinability with proper tool selection
- Heat treatment capability to further optimize properties
- Cost-effective alternative to forged or cast steel components
EN-GJS-600-3 Chemical Composition
While EN 1563 does not mandate specific chemistry requirements, industry practice establishes recommended composition ranges for consistent EN-GJS-600-3 material properties:
Standard Chemical Composition
| Element | Content (%) | Function |
|---|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | 2.50-3.60 | Forms spheroidal graphite nodules, provides casting fluidity |
| Silicon (Si) | 1.80-2.80 | Controls matrix structure, balances ferrite/pearlite ratio |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.30-0.70 | Promotes pearlite formation, strengthens matrix |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤0.08 | Must be limited to prevent grain boundary embrittlement |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤0.02 | Critical control for successful spheroidization |
| Residual Mg | 0.035-0.055 | Essential for nodular graphite formation |
| Copper (Cu) | 0.30-0.80 | Optional alloying for pearlite stabilization |
| Nickel (Ni) | 0-0.50 | Optional addition for toughness improvement |
Key Composition Characteristics:
EN-GJS-600-3 chemical composition typically requires 3.0-3.5% carbon, 2.0-2.6% silicon, and higher manganese content (0.4-0.7%) compared to lower-grade ductile irons to achieve the required pearlitic matrix structure.
Critical Control Parameters
- Carbon Equivalent (CE): Maintained at 4.3-4.6 for optimal castability
- CE Formula: %C + (%Si + %P)/3
- Sulfur Content: <0.02% ensures effective nodulization treatment
- Pearlite Promoters: Mn, Cu additions increase pearlite content to 70-90%
- Residual Magnesium: Verified at 0.035-0.055% after treatment
Important Note: Chemical composition serves as foundry control guidance. Final acceptance is based on mechanical properties achievement, not chemistry compliance.
EN-GJS-600-3 Material Properties: Mechanical Performance
EN-GJS-600-3 material properties specify minimum 600 MPa tensile strength, 370 MPa yield strength, and 3% elongation per EN 1563 standard requirements.
Standard Mechanical Properties (EN 1563)
| Property | EN-GJS-600-3 Requirement | Typical Production Values |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength (Rm) | ≥600 MPa | 620-680 MPa |
| Yield Strength (Rp0.2) | ≥370 MPa | 380-420 MPa |
| Elongation (A) | ≥3% | 3-6% |
| Brinell Hardness (HB) | 180-270 HB | 210-250 HB |
| Matrix Structure | Predominantly Pearlitic | 70-90% Pearlite + Ferrite |
EN-GJS-600-3 Mechanical Properties by Section Thickness
| Wall Thickness | Tensile Strength | Yield Strength | Elongation |
|---|---|---|---|
| ≤30 mm | ≥600 MPa | ≥370 MPa | ≥3% |
| 30-60 mm | ≥600 MPa | ≥370 MPa | ≥3% |
| 60-200 mm | ≥580 MPa | ≥360 MPa | ≥2% |
Note: Properties may decrease in heavier sections due to slower cooling rates affecting matrix structure.
Physical Properties of EN-GJS-600-3 Material
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Density | 7.10-7.20 g/cm³ |
| Modulus of Elasticity | 168-175 GPa |
| Poisson’s Ratio | 0.27-0.30 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 28-32 W/(m·K) |
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion | 10.5-12.0 × 10⁻⁶/K |
| Charpy Impact Value | 8-15 J (room temperature) |
| Fatigue Strength (10⁷ cycles) | 240-280 MPa |
Microstructure Requirements
- Nodularity: ≥80% spheroidal graphite (premium castings achieve 85-92%)
- Nodule Count: 100-300 nodules/mm²
- Matrix Composition: 70-90% pearlite + 10-30% ferrite
- Pearlite Spacing: Fine pearlite structure for optimal strength
- Graphite Size: Grade 5-7 per ISO 945
EN-GJS-600-3 Equivalent: International Standards Comparison
EN-GJS-600-3 equivalent grades include ASTM A536 Grade 80-60-03, JIS FCD600, and QT600-3 with comparable 600 MPa tensile strength requirements across global standards.
Comprehensive EN-GJS-600-3 Equivalent Grades Table
| Country/Region | Standard | Equivalent Grade | Tensile Strength | Yield Strength | Elongation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Europe | EN 1563 | EN-GJS-600-3 (5.3206) | ≥600 MPa | ≥370 MPa | ≥3% |
| Germany | DIN 1693 | GGG-60, GGG60 | ≥600 MPa | ≥370 MPa | ≥3% |
| USA | ASTM A536 | 80-60-03 | ≥552 MPa (80 ksi) | ≥414 MPa (60 ksi) | ≥3% |
| Japan | JIS G5502 | FCD600-3 | ≥600 MPa | ≥370 MPa | ≥3% |
| China | GB 1348 | QT600-3 | ≥600 MPa | ≥370 MPa | ≥3% |
| International | ISO 1083 | 600-3 | ≥600 MPa | ≥370 MPa | ≥3% |
| UK | BS 2789 | 600/7 | ≥600 MPa | — | ≥7% |
| France | NF A32-201 | FGS600-2 | ≥600 MPa | — | ≥2% |
| Italy | UNI 4544 | GS600-2 | ≥600 MPa | — | ≥2% |
| India | IS 1865 | SG600/3 | ≥600 MPa | — | ≥3% |
| Australia | AS 1831 | 600-3 | ≥600 MPa | ≥370 MPa | ≥3% |
| Spain | UNF | FGE60-2 | ≥600 MPa | — | ≥2% |
| Belgium | NBN 830-02 | FNG60-2 | ≥600 MPa | — | ≥2% |
| Sweden | SS 140732 | SS 0732-03 | ≥600 MPa | — | ≥3% |
| Norway | SJK | SJK-600 | ≥600 MPa | — | — |
ASTM A536 Grade 80-60-03: Primary EN-GJS-600-3 Equivalent
ASTM A536 Grade 80-60-03 represents the closest EN-GJS-600-3 equivalent in North American applications:
- 80: Minimum tensile strength 80 ksi (552 MPa)
- 60: Minimum yield strength 60 ksi (414 MPa)
- 03: Minimum elongation 3%
Key Differences Between Standards:
- Strength Values: ASTM specifies 552 MPa (80 ksi) vs EN 600 MPa minimum
- Testing Methods: ASTM uses separate cast test bars; EN allows attached or separately cast specimens
- Section Thickness Corrections: Both standards include property adjustments for heavy sections
- Heat Treatment: Both standards permit heat treatment to achieve properties
- Inspection Requirements: EN 1563 provides more detailed casting quality levels
EN-GJS-600-3 Material Applications
Automotive Industry
- Transmission Components: Heavy-duty gearbox housings, differential carriers
- Crankshafts: High-performance diesel and gasoline engines
- Suspension Parts: High-stress steering knuckles, control arm brackets
- Brake Components: Brake calipers, disc brake hubs
Industrial Machinery
- Pump Components: High-pressure pump bodies, sewage pump housings
- Valve Bodies: Large gate valves, high-pressure butterfly valves
- Gearbox Housings: Industrial speed reducers, heavy-duty gear cases
- Machine Tool Components: Lathe beds, milling machine bases
- Hydraulic Components: Cylinder blocks, manifold bodies
Construction & Mining Equipment
- Heavy Machinery Parts: Excavator buckets, loader arms
- Crusher Components: Jaw crusher bodies, cone crusher frames
- Mill Liners: SAG mill components, ball mill end caps
- Track Shoes: Bulldozer track links, excavator undercarriage
Railway & Transportation
- Railway Components: Brake shoes, coupling parts
- Wheel Hubs: Heavy-duty truck wheel hubs
- Axle Components: Axle housings, differential casings
Energy & Power Generation
- Wind Turbine Parts: Hub castings, nacelle components
- Compressor Components: Cylinder bodies, crankcase housings
- Generator Parts: Bearing housings, end shields
Design Guidelines for EN-GJS-600-3 Material
Wall Thickness Design Principles
- Thin Sections (5-20mm): Suitable for moderate-load brackets and housings
- Medium Sections (20-60mm): Primary application range for most components
- Heavy Sections (60-200mm): Require property correction factors and special consideration
Uniform Wall Thickness Recommendations
- Maintain wall thickness uniformity to prevent shrinkage defects
- Avoid abrupt thickness transitions; use gradual tapers
- Design ribs and reinforcements with 0.6-0.8× adjacent wall thickness
- Hot spot prevention through proper cooling design
Machining Allowances
- Rough Machined Surfaces: 3-6mm per side
- Finish Machined Surfaces: 1.5-3mm per side
- Recommended Cutting Speed: 80-150 m/min (carbide tools)
- Tool Material: Carbide inserts preferred for consistent finish
Draft Angles
- External surfaces: 1-3° minimum
- Internal surfaces: 2-5° minimum
- Deep pockets: 3-5° recommended
EN-GJS-600-3 vs Lower Grades Comparison
| Grade | Tensile Strength | Yield Strength | Elongation | Typical Matrix | Applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EN-GJS-400-18 | ≥400 MPa | ≥250 MPa | ≥18% | Ferritic | Pipe fittings, low-stress components |
| EN-GJS-450-10 | ≥450 MPa | ≥310 MPa | ≥10% | Ferrite + Pearlite | Automotive suspension, pump housings |
| EN-GJS-500-7 | ≥500 MPa | ≥320 MPa | ≥7% | Pearlitic-Ferritic | Gearbox housings, crankshafts |
| EN-GJS-600-3 | ≥600 MPa | ≥370 MPa | ≥3% | Pearlitic | High-stress machinery, heavy equipment |
| EN-GJS-700-2 | ≥700 MPa | ≥420 MPa | ≥2% | Pearlitic | Specialized high-load applications |
EN-GJS-600-3 Equivalent Substitution Guidelines
When substituting between EN-GJS-600-3 equivalent grades:
Performance Verification Requirements
- Tensile Properties: Confirm Rm ≥600 MPa, Rp0.2 ≥370 MPa, A ≥3%
- Section Thickness: Apply correction factors for walls >60mm
- Testing Alignment: Verify test bar dimensions match standard requirements
- Certification: Require EN 10204 Type 3.1 or 3.2 certificates for critical parts
Regional Specification Considerations
- International Projects: Specify both EN-GJS-600-3 and ASTM A536 80-60-03
- European Markets: Use EN-GJS-600-3 with material number 5.3206
- North American Buyers: ASTM A536 Grade 80-60-03 is standard
- Chinese Suppliers: Verify QT600-3 meets all EN-GJS-600-3 mechanical properties
- Japanese Sources: JIS FCD600-3 provides excellent equivalence
Critical Application Requirements
- Metallographic Examination: Verify nodularity, matrix structure
- Ultrasonic Inspection: For thick sections or safety-critical parts
- Magnetic Particle Testing: Surface integrity verification
- Pressure Testing: For pressure-containing components
Summary: EN-GJS-600-3 Material Selection Criteria
EN-GJS-600-3 material delivers optimal performance for high-strength applications requiring 600 MPa tensile strength with adequate toughness. Understanding EN-GJS-600-3 chemical composition requirements, EN-GJS-600-3 mechanical properties, and EN-GJS-600-3 equivalent standards enables engineers to achieve:
Key Advantages
- Reliable 600 MPa tensile strength with predominantly pearlitic matrix
- Global sourcing flexibility through EN-GJS-600-3 equivalent grades (ASTM A536 80-60-03, FCD600, QT600-3)
- Cost-effective manufacturing via ductile iron casting processes
- Proven performance across automotive, industrial machinery, and heavy equipment sectors
Critical Success Factors
- Strict composition control with sulfur <0.02% and proper nodulization treatment
- Pearlite promotion through Mn, Cu additions and controlled cooling rates
- ISO-certified foundry partners with proven pearlitic ductile iron expertise
- Appropriate grade selection based on section thickness and loading conditions
- Comprehensive testing including tensile testing, hardness verification, and metallographic examination
By following these EN-GJS-600-3 material properties and specification guidelines, engineers ensure cast components meet design requirements for strength, wear resistance, reliability, and service life in demanding applications.
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